We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Tuesday, 26 July 22
CAP RUSSIA'S OIL PRICE NOW - PROJECT SYNDICATE
Though the price of oil has declined in recent weeks, it is still through the roof, filtering through to gasoline prices, and causing economic and ...
Tuesday, 26 July 22
WILL SOUTH AMERICA’S WINTER DEMAND DRAW LNG CARGOES AWAY FROM EUROPE? - ICIS
South America is now in the middle of its winter demand season. Last year the region increased its share of global LNG imports in winter, with Braz ...
Monday, 25 July 22
GLOBAL 2021 COAL-FIRED ELECTRICITY GENERATION SURGES TO RECORD HIGH - REUTERS
By contrast, mine output was still fractionally below the record set between 2012 and 2014 because older and less efficient coal generators have be ...
Saturday, 23 July 22
THE EU HAS BEEN REDUCING IMPORTS OF RUSSIAN REFINED OIL PRODUCTS SINCE MARCH - BANCHERO COSTA
The European Union could now ban the import and transit of fuel oil from Russia around six months ahead of the planned deadline, an EU official and ...
Saturday, 23 July 22
INDONESIA CONSIDERING SCRAPPING DOMESTIC SALES RULE FOR PALM OIL EXPORTS - REUTERS
Indonesia is considering removing a domestic sales requirement for palm oil exports because high inventories of the vegetable oil have been holding ...
|
|
|
Showing 276 to 280 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- PTC India Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Planning Commission, India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Minerals Council of Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- White Energy Company Limited
|
| |
| |
|
