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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 29 July 22
GLENCORE TO SUPPLY COAL TO NIPPON STEEL AT $375 PER TON - BLOOMBERG
Glencore Plc, agreed to supply coal to Nippon Steel at one of the highest prices ever paid by the Japan Bloomberg reported on July 27.
...
Friday, 29 July 22
GLOBAL COAL DEMAND IS SET TO RETURN TO ITS ALL-TIME HIGH IN 2022 - IEA
The world’s consumption of coal is set to rise slightly in 2022, taking it back to the record level it reached nearly a decade ago, according ...
Thursday, 28 July 22
CREW FAMILIARISATION IS CRITICAL WHEN TAKING OVER A VESSEL - WEST P&I CLUB
Knowledge to Elevate
When a vessel changes ownership and/or manager, it can take some considerable time before the new crew and mana ...
Thursday, 28 July 22
RETURN OF COAL A THREAT TO EUROPEAN COMPANIES' ESG RATINGS - REUTERS
European companies turning to coal as an alternative to Russian gas face a hit to their environmental, social and governance ratings, leaving them ...
Wednesday, 27 July 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Amid the upcoming ban on Russian coal from the EU, which will be in full effect on August 10th, EU nations have been accelerating their coal import ...
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- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The University of Queensland
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- PTC India Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Australian Coal Association
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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