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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 10 August 22
THE FUTURE OF COAL: EIGHT KEY THEMES FROM THE GLOBAL COAL FORUM - WOOD MACKENZIE
Coal investors face a multi-layered and unavoidable challenge: markets distorted by war, trade constraints and the existential threat of the energy ...
Saturday, 06 August 22
SUMITOMO Q1 PROFIT RISES 45% ON STRONGER PRICES OF COAL, NICKEL - REUTERS
Japanese trading house Sumitomo Corp 8053.T said on Wednesday its net profit for the April-June quarter rose 45% to a record thanks to higher price ...
Saturday, 06 August 22
GERMANY'S ENERGY U-TURN: COAL INSTEAD OF GAS - DEUTSCHE WELLE
Berlin has realized it will never again import as much energy from Russia as before the Ukraine war. So the challenge is to wean Germany off its de ...
Saturday, 30 July 22
NUANCES OF FORCE MAJEURE CLAUSE - BALTIC EXCHANGE
Knowledge to Elevate
In NKD Maritime Limited v. Bart Maritime (No 2) Inc (Shagang Giant) [2022] EWHC 1615 (Comm), Bart Maritime (No 2) Inc (th ...
Saturday, 30 July 22
AEMO URGES QUICKER SHIFT TO RENEWABLES AMID COAL FAILURES AND SOARING FOSSIL FUEL COSTS
The Australian Energy Market Operator has called for an accelerated shift to wind and solar, backed up by batteries and other storage, as a devasta ...
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- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Australian Coal Association
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- The University of Queensland
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
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