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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 17 August 22
CHINA'S COAL-RICH SHANXI MAKES STRIDES IN HIGH-QUALITY DEVELOPMENT - XINHUA
Shanxi, a major coal-producing province in north China, has made continuous advances in high-quality development over the past decade, according to ...
Wednesday, 17 August 22
PAXOCEAN, HONG LAM MARINE AND BUREAU VERITAS SIGN MOU TO DEVELOP AMMONIA BUNKER VESSEL DESIGN - BUREAU VERITAS
PaxOcean Engineering Pte. Ltd. has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Singapore-based bunker vessel operator Hong Lam Marine and class ...
Wednesday, 17 August 22
GOODFUELSS ASIA-PACIFIC BRANCH KICKSTARTS SUSTAINABLE BIOFUEL DELIVERIES WITH NYK AS FIRST CLIENT - GOOD FUELS
GoodFuels, the leading biofuels pioneer for the global transport industry, has today announced that it has successfully supplied sustainable marine ...
Tuesday, 16 August 22
EU BAN ON RUSSIAN COAL IMPORTS COMES INTO FORCE - DEUTSCHE WELLE
The European Union banned Russian coal imports in response to the invasion of Ukraine as part of sanctions in April. Since then, it’s been sc ...
Thursday, 11 August 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
On July 22nd, Ukraine signed a deal with Russia to release 22mn tons of grain from Ukraine’s 3 major ports (Yuzhny, Chornomorsk, Odesa). Such ...
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- Deloitte Consulting - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- VISA Power Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Planning Commission, India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- The University of Queensland
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
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