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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 21 August 22
COAL-RICH POLAND FACES WINTER OF ENERGY DISCONTENT - DW
Poland uses 10 million tons of coal a year to heat households — a whopping 87% of all coal consumed in EU homes in 2019, according to the War ...
Saturday, 20 August 22
KOSPO TO IMPORT 240000 MT OF MIN 4400 KCAL/KG NCV STEAM COAL FOR OCTOBER;LOADING FROM RUSSIAN PORTS NOT ALLOWED
COALspot.com: Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO) has issued an International tender for 240,000 MT of min 4,400kcal/kg to max. 4,999 kcal/kg NC ...
Wednesday, 17 August 22
INDIAN COMPANIES SWAPPING DOLLAR FOR ASIAN CURRENCIES TO BUY RUSSIAN COAL - REUTERS
Indian companies are using Asian currencies more often to pay for Russian coal imports, according to customs documents and industry sources, avoidi ...
Wednesday, 17 August 22
LNG: MAJOR INVESTMENT AND EXPANSION PHASE, DOUBLING OF LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY BY 2028 PROJECTED - CLARKSONS
Clarksons Research have released the latest version of their long standing annual review, LNG Trade & Transport, on to Shipping Intelligence Ne ...
Wednesday, 17 August 22
UNAFFORDABLE LNG PRICES UNDERMINE RAPID DEMAND GROWTH FORECASTS IN KEY ASIAN MARKETS - IEEFA
Sustained high prices may accelerate downward pressures on Asian LNG demand, clouding long-term industry outlooks
The global liquefi ...
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- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Planning Commission, India
- Australian Coal Association
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
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