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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 23 August 22
SHIPPING INDUSTRY TO REMOVE THE INDIAN OCEAN HIGH RISK AREA - BIMCO
After more than a decade of effective threat-reducing counter-piracy operations the shipping industry has removed the ‘Indian Ocean High Risk ...
Tuesday, 23 August 22
SHIPPING: GLOBAL TAX REFORM - WATSON FARLEY & WILLIAMS
OECD rules designed to implement a global minimum corporate tax rate for very large multinational groups have now been published and are expected t ...
Tuesday, 23 August 22
PARTIES CONCLUDE JOINT R&D AGREEMENT FOR WORLD’S FIRST AMMONIA FLOATING STORAGE AND REGASIFICATION BARGE CONTRIBUTING TO PROMOTING THE EARLY INTRODUCTION OF AMMONIA FUEL - NYK
NYK Line, Nihon Shipyard Co., Ltd. (NSY), ClassNK, and IHI Corporation (IHI) signed a joint research and development agreement for the commercializ ...
Monday, 22 August 22
INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT IMPOSED ON NEW PROGRESSIVE ROYALTIES FOR COAL
Indonesian President Joko Widodo has signed a Government Regulation (Number 26 of 2022) on 15 August 2022 related to the progressive royalty rates ...
Monday, 22 August 22
CHINA'S JULY RUSSIAN COAL IMPORTS HIT 5-YR HIGH AS WEST SHUNS MOSCOW - REUTERS
China’s coal imports from Russia jumped 14% in July from a year earlier to their highest in at least five years, as China bought discounted c ...
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- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- The University of Queensland
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
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