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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 02 September 22
INDONESIA COAL PRICE REFERENCE SLIPS SLIGHTLY IN SEPTEMBER 2022
COALspot.com: Indonesian Coal Price Reference for September delivery drops 0.74 per cent month on month.
The Indonesian Coal Price R ...
Friday, 02 September 22
ABM INVESTAMA BUYS 30% GEMS SHARES FOR US$ 420 MILLION
PT ABM Investama Tbk through its indirect subsidiary, bought a 30% stake in the PT Golden Energy Mines Tbk for US$ 420 million or around Rp 6.2 tri ...
Wednesday, 31 August 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Scorching temperatures and extremely dry conditions during the Northern hemisphere summer have been drying crops. Yield prospects have subsided in ...
Tuesday, 23 August 22
HIGH COAL PRICES COULD BOOST INDONESIA'S ENERGY TRANSITION - IEEFA
Global coal prices have reached an all-time high as countries stop purchasing Russian coal amidst the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Indonesian coal comp ...
Tuesday, 23 August 22
A COMBINED US$6.8-BILLION CASH BALANCE OF INDONESIAN COAL COMPANIES COULD PROVIDE FOR TIMELY INVESTMENTS IN GREEN TRANSITION - IEEFA
A combined US$6.8-billion cash balance of Indonesian coal companies could provide for timely investments in green transition
The opp ...
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- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Planning Commission, India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
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