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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 12 September 22
COAL PRICE HIKE REMAINS DIFFICULT FOR CIL: CHAIRMAN TELLS ANALYSTS - PTI
Coal India on Thursday informed investors that increasing coal prices remains difficult in the current context when the economy is grappling with h ...
Friday, 09 September 22
GREECE WILL KEEP COAL-FIRED PLANTS RUNNING FOR LONGER AMID GAS CRISIS - REUTERS
Greece will keep seven coal-fired plants running for longer than previously planned as European countries adjust to a cut in gas flows coming from ...
Friday, 09 September 22
CHINA'S DROUGHT INTENSIFIES GLOBAL COAL SHORTAGE - REUTERS
China’s drought has sent coal prices surging as traders anticipate the lack of hydroelectric generation will force it to burn more coal to me ...
Thursday, 08 September 22
MOODY.S AFFIRMS ABM INVESTAMA'S B1 RATINGS FOLLOWING PLANNED MINORITY INVESTMENT IN COAL MINER; OUTLOOK STABLE
Moody's Investors Service has affirmed ABM Investama Tbk (P.T.)'s B1 corporate family rating (CFR), along with the B1 rating on its senior ...
Thursday, 08 September 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
While the energy markets are historically stretched, Russian flows of crude oil are closely monitored as the oil trade is ultimately realigned. Mor ...
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- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- The University of Queensland
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
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- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- VISA Power Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Parliament of New Zealand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
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