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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 16 September 22
WHEN IS A VESSEL'S INCOME EARNING CAPACITY AT RISK? 'CONTROLLED INCOME CAN BE A KEY OF SUCCESS' - MARASCO MARINE
Managing marine risks is not an easy task, which requires special knowledge and expertise on the subject per se. Customarily, big ship management c ...
Friday, 16 September 22
DRY BULK MARKET: EU’S BAN ON RUSSIAN COAL LIFTS DEMAND DESPITE ECONOMIC HEADWINDS - BIMCO
Highlights
– The Baltic Exchange Dry Index (BDI) peaked in late May and has since fallen sharply as lower Chinese demand and adverse glob ...
Friday, 16 September 22
BIMCO EMBARKS ON NEW STANDARD FOR “QUIET ENJOYMENT”
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
A newly set-up BIMCO drafting team involving a cross-section of shipowners, charterers, financing and leasing i ...
Friday, 16 September 22
INDIAN COAL PRODUCTION TO RISE 150 PER CENT IN 10 YEARS: CENTRE - EXPRESS NEWS SERVICE
The Union Ministry of Mines is expecting 150 per cent growth in coal production 10 years down the line as a result of coal reforms that had been us ...
Thursday, 15 September 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
While the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies agreed on a 100,000 b/d output cut last week, oil flows are in the spotlight ...
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- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- The University of Queensland
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Parliament of New Zealand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Planning Commission, India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
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