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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 28 June 24
INDIAN POWER STATIONS STOCKED WITH BUMPER COAL SUPPLY AS TRANSPORT WOES EASE - BUSINESS STANDARD
Even as power demand has touched a historic high of 250 gigawatts (Gw) amid sweltering heat this June, India’s power stations are stocked wit ...
Friday, 28 June 24
INDIA'S CY23 COAL USE LARGER THAN NORTH AMERICA, EUROPE COMBINED - THE HINDU
For the first time, India’s coal consumption surpassed that of North America and Europe combined in the calendar year 2023, said Energy Insti ...
Monday, 24 June 24
PLN'S FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY RESTS ON ACCELERATED COAL RETIREMENT AND RENEWABLES DEPLOYMENT - MUTYA YUSTIKA
On 28 May 2024, Indonesia’s national electricity utility, PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), released its financial report for 2023. Althoug ...
Monday, 24 June 24
INDIA'S COAL-BASED POWER DEMAND AT ALL-TIME HIGH, GOVERNMENT SAYS - REUTERS
India’s demand for coal-based power has risen by 7.3% this fiscal year to an all-time high, the government said in a statement on Wednesday.
...
Monday, 24 June 24
CHINA'S COAL INDUSTRY TURNS GREENER THROUGH INNOVATIVE APPROACHES - PEOPLE'S DAILY
At an opencast mine operated by Inner Mongolia Pingzhuang Coal Group Co. Ltd., a subsidiary of CHN Energy Investment Group (CHN Energy), a 14-meter ...
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Showing 11 to 15 news of total 6871 |
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- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Planning Commission, India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- VISA Power Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- The University of Queensland
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- PTC India Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
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