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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 20 September 22
CHINA COAL OUTPUT UP 8.1 PCT IN AUGUST - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output posted stable expansion in August, official data showed.
The country produced 370 million tonnes of ra ...
Monday, 19 September 22
BUMA AUSTRALIA AWARDED A$400 MILLION CONTRACT EXTENSION BY BMA FOR GOONYELLA PROJECT
Press Release – PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk. (the "Company") announced that its subsidiary, PT Bukit Makmur Mandiri Utama ("BUMA ...
Saturday, 17 September 22
CHINA WARNS COAL COMPANIES AGAINST DUAL CONTRACTS, KEEP PRICES STABLE - REUTERS
China’s state economic planner warned coal companies operating at ports in the Bohai Bay region to comply with their long-term contracts to k ...
Saturday, 17 September 22
IS A GLOBAL RECESSION IMMINENT? - WORLD BANK
Since the beginning of the year, a rapid deterioration of growth prospects coupled with rising inflation and tightening financing conditions, has i ...
Saturday, 17 September 22
FITCH RATINGS REVISES GLOBAL METALS & MINING PRICE ASSUMPTIONS
Fitch Ratings has revised its metals and mining price assumptions reflecting evolving economic growth expectations and demand and supply dynamics.
...
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- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- PTC India Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Australian Coal Association
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- White Energy Company Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
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