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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 23 September 22
CHINA DIGS DEEP TO RAISE COAL OUTPUT TO RECORD HIGH - REUTERS
China’s coal production has surged this year as the government seeks to improve energy security by reducing dependence on imports and amassin ...
Friday, 23 September 22
EUROPEAN STEEL BUYERS SEEK DIRECTION IN VOLATILE MARKET - MEPS INTERNATIONAL
Demand for steel is slow to recover, after the summer break. Mill production costs continue to increase. Steel purchasers are uncertain about the f ...
Friday, 23 September 22
BUOYANT COAL INDUSTRY SEEKS WAYS TO STAY IN THE LONG-TERM ENERGY MIX - REUTERS
There’s no doubt that the global coal industry has been a major beneficiary of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent energy c ...
Friday, 23 September 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
In view of the forthcoming winter, Europe is trying to escape from its energy (oil & gas) dependency from Russia to ensure energy abundance eve ...
Tuesday, 20 September 22
CHINA'S DAILY COAL OUTPUT HITS 3-MONTH LOW IN AUGUST ON RAINS, COVID CURBS - REUTERS
China’s daily coal output in August slipped to a three-month low as some mines in its biggest coal mining regions reduced operations or even ...
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- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The University of Queensland
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
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