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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 04 October 22
INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE SURGE AGAIN TO RECORD HIGH
COALspot.com: Indonesian Coal Price Reference reached another record high in October as Russia's war in Ukraine continues to spark a surge in c ...
Sunday, 02 October 22
MISC STRENGTHENS ITS PARTNERSHIP WITH SEARIVER MARITIME
MISC Berhad (MISC) today announced that its subsidiaries Polaris LNG Three Pte. Ltd. and Polaris LNG Four Pte. Ltd. have secured long-term time cha ...
Thursday, 29 September 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
This week, focus turns to the 38th APPEC Conference, where leading professionals from the global oil industry will discuss the future key drivers o ...
Thursday, 29 September 22
HIGH COAL PRICES REMAIN A CONCERN FOR DOMESTIC NON-FERROUS METAL COMPANIES - ICRA
According to ICRA on Monday, the high price of coal will have a negative effect on the profitability of domestic non-ferrous metal companies that m ...
Tuesday, 27 September 22
14% INCREASE IN EUROPEAN COAL DEMAND TO BE SHORT-TERM TREND - WOOD MACKENZIE
European seaborne thermal coal demand is projected to increase 14% or 12 million metric tonnes (Mt) this year to 98 Mt as it grapples with the curr ...
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- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- MS Steel International - UAE
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- The University of Queensland
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Australian Coal Association
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Planning Commission, India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- White Energy Company Limited
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
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