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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 06 October 22
COAL INDIA ASKED TO ENHANCE SUPPLY TO THERMAL POWER PLANTS - IANS
With the festival season round the corner, Coal India Ltd. has been directed by the government to scale up dispatch to thermal power plants.
&n ...
Wednesday, 05 October 22
BUNKER PRICES DOWN AGAIN; IS THERE MORE TO COME? - INTEGR8 FUELS
It’s the economy…..”
VLSFO prices are now back to levels at the start of this year. After all the extremes of thi ...
Wednesday, 05 October 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Amid the looming western sanctions on Russia, the country is challenged to pivot its energy markets away from Europe and toward the East. Yet, Russ ...
Tuesday, 04 October 22
A REMARKABLE SHIFT IN FORTUNES HAS BEEN NOTED IN THE CRUDE OIL TANKER MARKETS - ALLIED SHIPPING
A remarkable shift in fortunes has been noted in the crude oil tanker markets over the past month, yet despite these shifts being seemingly in thei ...
Tuesday, 04 October 22
OIL PRICES COULD SOON RETURN TO $100 AS OPEC+ CONSIDERS ‘HISTORIC’ CUT, ANALYSTS SAY - CNBC
An influential alliance of some of the world’s most powerful oil producers is reportedly considering their largest output cut since the start ...
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- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Australian Coal Association
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
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