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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 13 October 22
OPEC DOWNGRADES CRUDE OIL DEMAND, AS WORLD ECONOMY ENTERS SLOWDOWN
Crude Oil Price Movements
The OPEC Reference Basket (ORB) declined m-o-m by $6.58 in September, or 6.5%, to average $95.32/b. Pressure from equ ...
Wednesday, 12 October 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Sale and Purchase activity during the first three quarters of 2022 has been remarkable.
Focusing only on Tankers and Bulkers, such v ...
Monday, 10 October 22
ENERGY TRANSITION BOOSTS GLOBAL LONG-TERM DEMAND FOR METALS - FITCH RATINGS
The energy transition will significantly increase demand for metals used in manufacturing of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable power generation ...
Monday, 10 October 22
GLOBAL CEOS EXPECT IMPENDING RECESSION TO BE 'SHORT AND SHARP,' POLL SHOWS - CNBC
Global CEOs are anticipating a recession in the next 12 months, according to a new survey by professional services firm KPMG, which said more than ...
Thursday, 06 October 22
AUSTRALIA’S RESOURCES REVENUE TO HIT RECORD AMID UKRAINE CONFLICT - REUTERS
Australian resources and energy export earnings are forecast to jump 7% to a record A$450 billion ($290 billion) this fiscal year, bolstered by soa ...
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- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
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