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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 19 October 22
WHAT WILL THE GAS MARKET LOOK LIKE IN A NET ZERO WORLD? - WOOD MACKENZIE
The global gas and LNG market faces a number of ‘great unknowns’. With the market in turmoil uncertainty abounds – from the scale ...
Wednesday, 19 October 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The LNG market remains extremely tight, and as a result adding further pressure on the vessel charter market, which is already stretched due to the ...
Sunday, 16 October 22
COULD A RETURN TO SHALE EXPLORATION BE PART OF THE SOLUTION TO EUROPE'S GAS SUPPLY PROBLEM? - WOOD MACKENZIE
The European gas market is in turmoil. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has shaken things up, triggering a complete rethink of European energy st ...
Thursday, 13 October 22
THERMAL COAL PRICES RETREAT AS WINTER SUPPLY FEARS EASE - REUTERS
The prices of key thermal seaborne coal grades are retreating amid signs that supplies will be sufficient to meet winter demand in both Europe and ...
Thursday, 13 October 22
SPOT COAL BIDDING: CHINESE FIRM WANTS REVISED MECHANISM - BUSINESS RECORDER
Chinese company M/s Huaneng Shandong Ruyi (Pakistan) Energy Limited (HSR) has cautioned National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (Nepra) that i ...
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- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- White Energy Company Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- The University of Queensland
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Australian Coal Association
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
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