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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 31 October 22
U.S. COAL-FIRED GENERATION DECLINING AFTER BRIEF RISE LAST YEAR - EIA
We expect 6% less U.S. coal-fired generation in 2022 than in 2021, according to our latest Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO). Although coal-fired ge ...
Monday, 31 October 22
CHINA COAL OUTPUT UP 12.3 PCT IN SEPTEMBER - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output posted stable expansion in September, official data showed.
The country produced 390 million tonnes of ...
Wednesday, 26 October 22
BIMCO PUBLISHES UPDATED GENCON CONTRACT
BIMCO has published a revised and updated version GENCON 2022 – one of its flagship contracts within its portfolio of standard contracts for ...
Monday, 24 October 22
KOSPO TO INVITE 400,000 MT OF COAL FOR 3 YEARS
COALspot.com: Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO) has issued an international tender for 400,000 MT of 3,800 - 4,400kcal/kg NCV and Sulfur Max 0 ...
Wednesday, 19 October 22
ASIA COULD BE A BRIGHT SPOT AMID GLOBAL DOWNTURN NEXT YEAR, ECONOMISTS SAY - CNBC
Asia — especially Southeast Asia — remains a bright spot, even as the global economy looks set to head into recession next year, econom ...
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- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Australian Coal Association
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
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