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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 04 November 22
CHINA EXPANDS COAL TERM CONTRACTS TO ALL MINES TO STABILIZE MARKET - REUTERS
China has expanded long-term thermal coal supply contracts for 2023 to all coal mines and asked power utilities to source more of their demand thro ...
Thursday, 03 November 22
HANDYSIZE VALUES MOVING UP IN OCTOBER, WHILE LNG VALUES SKYROCKET - VESSELSVALUE
Handysize values have increased this month across most ages, following a period of decline. Values for generic 10 year old Handysizes have moved up ...
Thursday, 03 November 22
EUROPEAN GAS SUPPLY SURPLUS, NOVEMBER HBA DOWN TO US$ 308.2 PER TON - ESDM
European gas supply conditions have a major influence in determining fluctuations in the Reference Coal Price (HBA). The November 2022 HBA recorded ...
Wednesday, 02 November 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Only five weeks before western sanctions’ full effect, uncertainty over energy has markets and governments on the edge. What was initially th ...
Tuesday, 01 November 22
CHINA COAL TRADE DISRUPTED BY COVID OUTBREAKS AS WINTER LOOMS - REUTERS
China’s strict COVID-19 policy is constraining coal supplies and pushing up prices, industry officials and traders say, just weeks before the ...
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- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- White Energy Company Limited
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
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