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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 18 November 22
REALITIES OF LOI LIABILITIES - BALTIC EXCHANGE
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The cargo misdelivery claim in Trafigura Maritime Logistics Pte Ltd v. Clearlake Shipping Pte Ltd (Miracle Hope) [2022] E ...
Tuesday, 15 November 22
CHINA SEES RISING COAL STORAGE AMID SUPPLY PUSH - XINHUA
Coal stockpiles at China’s power plants have seen considerable increases, ensuring energy supply for the winter, the country’s energy r ...
Tuesday, 15 November 22
SEABORNE THERMAL COAL PRICES START TO EASE, BUT PROCESS IS UNEVEN - REUTERS
Prices for seaborne thermal coal have started to drop as fears of a winter energy crunch ease, but the rate of decline has varied across the differ ...
Thursday, 10 November 22
INDIA: THERMAL PLANTS HAVE ADEQUATE COAL STOCKS AT 25.6 MILLION TONNES, SAYS GOVT - IANS
The coal stock with domestic dry fuel-based power plants, as on October 31, was 25.6 million tonnes, the government said, adding that the availabil ...
Tuesday, 08 November 22
OUTLOOK ON CHINA’S WEAKENED BASIC MATERIALS SECTOR CLOUDED BY POLICY SWINGS - FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Ratings expects basic materials demand in China to improve qoq in 4Q22, driven by seasonally higher construction activity, solid infrastructu ...
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- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Minerals Council of Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- MS Steel International - UAE
- White Energy Company Limited
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Planning Commission, India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- The University of Queensland
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Australian Coal Association
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
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