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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 29 November 22
SEABORNE COAL FLOWS IN 2022 - SIGNAL
This year is crucial for the energy mix in European countries, as the EU has imposed new sanctions on Russia. It is important to emphasize that the ...
Friday, 25 November 22
APAC THERMAL COAL PRICES CORRECT FROM RECORD HIGH - FITCH RATINGS
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Thursday, 24 November 22
VIETNAM BOOSTS COAL USE PLAN FOR 2030 AS G7 CLIMATE OFFER STALLS - REUTERS
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Tuesday, 22 November 22
THE GENCON 2022 CHARTERPARTY - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
BIMCO has published a revamped version of the popular GENCON charterparty. Our author, Helena Biggs, was a member of the ...
Tuesday, 22 November 22
INDIA POWER BINGES ON COAL, OUTPACES ASIA - REUTERS
India’s coal-fired power output has increased much faster than any other country in the Asia Pacific since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine ...
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- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- The University of Queensland
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Planning Commission, India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- VISA Power Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
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