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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 02 August 24
COAL MARKET DEVELOPMENTS: FALLING PRICES AMID RECORD-HIGH OUTPUT - WORLD BANK
Coal prices inched up in May (m/m) following an 8 percent decline in 2024Q1. The Australian and South African benchmarks have plummeted more ...
Friday, 26 July 24
FUELEU MARITME IS COMING. IS YOUR CHARTERPARTY READY? - GARD
With less than six months to implementation of FuelEU Maritime in EU and EEA trades, there has been little published advice regarding how to alloca ...
Thursday, 04 July 24
INDIA'S COAL PRODUCTION RISES 14% IN JUNE - PTI
The country’s coal production rose by 14.49% to 84.63 million tonne (MT) in June. The country’s coal output was 73.92 MT in June last f ...
Tuesday, 02 July 24
NTPC CAPTIVE COAL OUTPUT GROWS 15% IN Q1; DESPATCH RISES 17%
State-owned NTPC on Monday reported a 15 per cent year-on-year increase in the production of coal from captives mines to 9.862 metric million tonne ...
Friday, 28 June 24
KOSPO INVITED BIDS FOR 400,000 MT OF MINIMUM 4000 NCV COAL FOR FIVE YEARS
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO), is inviting bids for total 400,000 MT of Low Calorific Value Coal for 5 years starting from July 2024 until ...
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- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- PTC India Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Australian Coal Association
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
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