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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 02 December 22
INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE PLUNGE TOWARD US$ 281.48 A TON AS DEMAND DROPS WORLDWIDE
COALspot.com: The cost of coal is falling so fast that it is beginning to put real money back in the pockets of end-users.
Indonesia ...
Wednesday, 30 November 22
INDONESIA’S BUMI RESOURCES TARGETS 2023 COAL OUTPUT OF 80 MLN TONNES - REUTERS
Indonesian coal miner PT Bumi Resources Tbk BUMI.JKis eyeing a 10% increase in output to 80 million tonnes next year amid expectations for more fav ...
Wednesday, 30 November 22
TANKERS: LONGER HAULS TO SUPPORT CONTINUED STRENGTH - BIMCO
Highlights
A rebound in the dirty tanker trade has led the Baltic Exchange Dirty Index (BDTI) to increase by 64% since our last report from mid ...
Wednesday, 30 November 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Shipping, although a conservative and innovation adverse industry, is currently in a transition period of digital transformation. According to a su ...
Tuesday, 29 November 22
INDIA TO RECEIVE FIRST LNG CARGO FROM INDONESIA’S TANGGUH LNG - REUTERS
India will receive its first cargo from Indonesia’s Tangguh liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant at the Dahej terminal on Monday, according to a ...
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- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- The University of Queensland
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Australian Coal Association
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
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