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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 07 December 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
China’s coal imports from January to October were 230.1m mt, a decrease of around 10.7% y-o-y (2021 totalled 323.2m mt). The question is if t ...
Wednesday, 07 December 22
INDIA'S STEEL MINISTRY SEEKS IMPORT TAX WAIVER FOR COKING COAL - SOURCES REUTERS REPORTED
India’s steel ministry has asked the finance ministry for a waiver of import tax on coking coal among a slew of raw materials, as it scramble ...
Tuesday, 06 December 22
INDIA'S COAL PRODUCTION RISES 17% IN APR-NOV PERIOD - PTI
The country’s coal production increased 17 per cent to 524.20 million tonnes in the April-November period of the ongoing fiscal.
...
Tuesday, 06 December 22
INDONESIA AIMS TO STARTS COLLECTING COAL LEVY IN Q1 2023 - MINISTER, REUTERS REPORTED
Indonesia aims to establish a coal fund agency and start collecting a coal levy in the first quarter next year, to help ensure supply security for ...
Saturday, 03 December 22
COMPLEX RUSSIAN PRICE CAP MAKES MARITIME VISIBILITY A MUST - WINDWARD
Many commentators and analysts are speculating about the potential impact the Russian seaborne oil price cap will have on organizations and entitie ...
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- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Australian Coal Association
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
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