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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 13 December 22
AUSTRALIA TO CAP PRICES OF COAL, GAS TO DRIVE DOWN ENERGY BILLS - REUTERS
Australia will cap coal and gas prices for a year in a bid to shave utility bills for households and businesses hit by soaring costs because of the ...
Tuesday, 13 December 22
YANCOAL AUSTRALIA TO PREPAY $459 MLN DEBT AS RECORD COAL PRICES BOOST CASHFLOWS - REUTERS
Coal miner Yancoal Australia Ltd. said on Friday it intended to prepay $459 million of its debt on or around Dec. 16, as elevated coal prices were ...
Tuesday, 13 December 22
WHY COAL LEADS THE RISE IN COMMODITIES THIS YEAR - MARKETWATCH
This year marked a resurgence for coal, often known — and loathed — by environmentalists as the dirtiest energy source, with prices mor ...
Thursday, 08 December 22
BIMCO TO REVISE WAR RISK CLAUSES
Work to revise the BIMCO War Cancellation Clause 2004, the BIMCO War Risks Clause for Time Chartering 2013 (CONWARTIME 2013) and the BIMCO War Risk ...
Thursday, 08 December 22
COAL ROYALTY PAYMENTS BOOST AUSTRALIAN STATE'S BUDGET FORECAST - REUTERS
Australia’s Queensland state on Wednesday forecast a record surplus for the current financial year, largely driven by higher royalty payments ...
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- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- White Energy Company Limited
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PTC India Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- The University of Queensland
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Planning Commission, India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
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