We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Monday, 19 December 22
ENERGY CRISIS FUELS COAL COMEBACK IN GERMANY - REUTERS
Coal has made a comeback in Germany this year, as Europe’s largest economy turns to the dirty fuel to power it through an energy crisis.
...
Thursday, 15 December 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
While observing the ship repair market very close to the end of the year, we are confident that shipyards worldwide are entering a new era. The nex ...
Tuesday, 13 December 22
STRONG COAL PRICES SUPPORT ROBUST EARNINGS AT INDONESIAN COAL MINERS - FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Ratings expects cash flow generation at Indonesian coal miners to remain strong in 2023, based on its forecast for coal prices to remain high ...
Tuesday, 13 December 22
BIMCO CII CLAUSE FINALLY RELEASED: DOES IT MAKE ANY SENSE OF CCI? - WFW
WHAT IS CII?
The new International Maritime Organisation’s (“IMO’s”) Carbon Intensity Indicator (“CII”) cer ...
Tuesday, 13 December 22
COAL BASE RAMPS UP ENERGY SUPPLY FOR WINTER NEEDS - XINHUA
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China’s leading coal production base, has kicked its production into high gear to meet heating needs as col ...
|
|
|
Showing 166 to 170 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
|
| |
| |
|
