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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 22 December 22
RUSSIAN OIL EXPORTS CRATER BY 54% IN THE FIRST FULL WEEK OF THE EU'S EMBARGO AMID A SHORTAGE OF TANKERS WILLING TO CARRY CARGOES - BUSINESS INSIDER
Since the European Union imposed its seaborne crude sanctions, Russian oil exports have tumbled by more than half, according to data compiled by Bl ...
Thursday, 22 December 22
CHINA TIGHTENS VERIFICATION OF SHIPS’ ENERGY CONSUMPTION DATA - GARD
From 22 December 2022, ships trading to Chinese ports must record their energy consumption data in accordance with the requirements of their Ship E ...
Thursday, 22 December 22
AN OVERVIEW OF THE LNG MARKET - VESSELSVALUE
LNG values have continued to strengthen, spurred by skyrocketing earnings that have surpassed last year’s record breaking peaks. In November, ...
Thursday, 22 December 22
COKING COAL SLUMPS AS TALKS ON AUSTRALIA-CHINA TRADE RIFT LOOM - REUTERS
Chinese coking coal futures dropped more than 3 per cent on Tuesday (Dec 20), extending losses, as supply of the steelmaking input might increase i ...
Thursday, 22 December 22
COAL AND GAS PRICE CAPS MAY COMPOUND POLITICAL RISK FOR AUSTRALIAN CORPORATES - FITCH RATINGS
Australia’s introduction of temporary price caps on domestic sales of gas and coal used for electricity generation will probably have limited ...
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- Minerals Council of Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- The University of Queensland
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Economic Council, Georgia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
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