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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 08 January 23
ELEVATED COAL PRICE A DRAG ON MARGINS OF DOMESTIC BASE METAL PLAYERS: ICRA
The increased price of coal continue to be a drag on the margin of domestic base metal players with no immediate relief in sight, rating agency ICR ...
Monday, 02 January 23
CHINA’S COAL CONSUMPTION TO PEAK BY 2035: REPORT - REUTERS
China’s primary energy consumption is likely to peak at nearly 6.03 billion tonnes of standard coal between 2030 and 2035, refining giant Chi ...
Thursday, 29 December 22
INDIA'S COAL DEMAND LIKELY TO PEAK BETWEEN 2030-2035: MINISTER - ANI
The demand for coal in India will continue and is likely to peak between 2030-2035, Union Minister of Coal, Mines, and Parliamentary Affairs Pralha ...
Thursday, 29 December 22
RIO TINTO AND PARTNERS COULD RECEIVE AS MUCH AS $450M IN GOVERNMENT COMPENSATION FOR COAL PRICE CAP - THE GUARDIAN
Compensation payments for the Gladstone power plant remain the sticking point in the federal government’s coal price cap compensation negotia ...
Wednesday, 28 December 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) published a Global Trade Update on December 13th highlighting that global trade wou ...
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- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- PTC India Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- The University of Queensland
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Australian Coal Association
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
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