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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 17 January 23
CHINA'S SHANXI TARGETS 2023 COAL PRODUCTION OF NEARLY 1.37B TONS - XINHUA
China’s coal-rich province of Shanxi has set a coal production target of nearly 1.37 billion metric tons for 2023, according to a government ...
Tuesday, 17 January 23
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Rumor has it that the New Year has come, to set the pace in, for Russia to continue hostilities against Ukraine. Ten months on the go, into Russia& ...
Tuesday, 17 January 23
INDONESIA IS ACCOUNTING FOR 32.3% OF THE GLOBAL SEABORNE COAL MARKET IN 2022 - BENCHERO COSTA
After a slow start in the first quarter, global coal trade has really picked up pace last year, and is now fully back to pre-Covid levels, Benchero ...
Tuesday, 10 January 23
INDONESIAN HBA IS SEEING A SPIKE IN JANUARY 2023 INSTEAD OF A SIGNIFICANT FALL IN DECEMBER 2022
COALspot.com: Indonesian Coal Price Reference up 8.43% in January 2023.
HBA is seeing a dramatic spike in January 2023 i ...
Sunday, 08 January 23
INDIAN COAL POWER PLANTS SHOULD BE COMPENSATED FOR 2022 FORCED GENERATION – REGULATOR : REUTERS
Indian power plants that rely on imported coal should be fully compensated when forced to supply electricity, the country’s power regulator s ...
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- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Australian Coal Association
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- The University of Queensland
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
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