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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 26 January 23
AUSTRALIA'S CORONADO GLOBAL SEES COAL PRICES RISING ON RESUMING CHINA IMPORTS - REUTERS
Australia’s Coronado Global Resources said on Tuesday resuming metallurgical coal imports to China would likely push sea-borne coal prices hi ...
Monday, 23 January 23
CHINA'S MAJOR COAL-PRODUCING PROVINCE ACCELERATES DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION - XINHUA
At Chindata Group’s big-data industrial park in Lingqiu County of Datong City, hundreds of thousands of servers are running round-the-clock t ...
Monday, 23 January 23
CHINA'S COAL-RICH PROVINCE SEES COAL PRODUCTION INCREASE IN 2022 - XINHUA
North China’s coal-rich province of Shanxi saw its coal production hit 1.31 billion tonnes in 2022, up 8.7 percent year on year, local author ...
Wednesday, 18 January 23
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
From Feb 5, another price cap will be introduced to Russian fuels and oil products, adding to the one for crude oil, already in place from Dec. 3. ...
Tuesday, 17 January 23
FRAUD IS THE BIGGEST THREAT TO CARGO LOSSES - TT CLUB
The almost exclusive use of online facilities to process business transactions allows a myriad of fraudulent pursuits to find opportunities within ...
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- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Australian Coal Association
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Planning Commission, India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
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