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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 18 February 23
PAKISTAN PLANS TO QUADRUPLE DOMESTIC COAL-FIRED POWER, MOVE AWAY FROM GAS - REUTERS
Pakistan plans to quadruple its domestic coal-fired capacity to reduce power generation costs and will not build new gas-fired plants in the coming ...
Saturday, 18 February 23
2023 MARINE FUEL MARKET PREDICTIONS - JOHN BERGMAN, AURAMARINE
The drive for decarbonisation we witnessed in 2022 has continued into 2023, demonstrating the shipping’s industry positive strides in the fas ...
Saturday, 28 January 23
COAL GROWTH BLIP NOT TO BE REPEATED - BALTIC EXCHANGE
As 2022 drew to a close, global coal demand looked set to end the year just 1.2% up on the previous year. But that small increase was enough to pus ...
Thursday, 26 January 23
CHINA'S COAL OUTPUT INCREASES IN DECEMBER 2022 - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output posted stable expansion in December 2022, official data showed.
The country produced 400 million tonne ...
Thursday, 26 January 23
COKING COAL NARROWS THE GAP ON THERMAL AS CHINA REOPENS - REUTERS
The premium of high-grade thermal coal over coking coal in Asia is shrinking as China’s re-opening and ending of a ban on imports from Austra ...
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- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
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