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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 26 February 23
MAWANI AND JEDDAH CHAMBER SIGN AN AGREEMENT TO BUILD INTEGRATED LOGISTICS PARK
Press Release: The Saudi Ports Authority (Mawani) and Jeddah Chamber of Commerce and Industry have today inked an agreement to set up an integrated ...
Saturday, 25 February 23
INDONESIA IS STILL BY FAR THE TOP SUPPLIER OF COAL TO CHINA - BANCHERO COSTA
After a slow start in the first quarter, global coal trade has really picked up pace last year, and is now fully back to pre-Covid levels, said ban ...
Wednesday, 22 February 23
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The short-term outlook of the global soybean market is currently pivoted by a combination of weather patterns that are affecting the harvest progre ...
Saturday, 18 February 23
OIL UNLIKELY TO BREAK ABOVE $100/BBL THIS YEAR, J.P.MORGAN SAYS –- REUTERS
Brent oil prices are unlikely to breach the $100 a barrel level this year, barring any significant geopolitical drivers, with OPEC+ potentially add ...
Saturday, 18 February 23
CHINA'S COAL PRICES FALL TO 1 YR-LOW, CLOUDING DEMAND AND IMPORT OUTLOOK - REUTERS
China’s thermal coal prices hit their lowest levels in a year this week on rising inventories as domestic mine production is recovering faste ...
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- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- PTC India Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
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