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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 06 September 24
REBOUND IN OIL DEMAND COULD LIFT MARKET IN LATTER HALF OF 2024 - BIMCO
Supply/demand
Based on a strong second half demand, the supply/balance is forecast to strengthen in 2024 but weaken slightly in 2025 as n ...
Friday, 06 September 24
GLOBAL SEABORNE LNG TRADE HAS CONTINUED TO INCREASE LAST YEAR - BANCHERO COSTA
Global seaborne LNG trade has continued to increase last year, helped also by the events in Ukraine which forced Europe to diversify away from Russ ...
Wednesday, 28 August 24
SEABORNE COAL IMPORTS INTO INDIA INCREASED BY +9.9% Y-O-Y TO 146.6 MLN T - BANCHERO COSTA
Global coal trade has really picked up pace over the past year, and is now fully back to pre-Covid levels said Banchero Costa Research in its lates ...
Tuesday, 06 August 24
EXERCISE CAUTION WITH AMMONIA SWITCH - BALTIC EXCHANGE
A new study from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has thrown a spanner into the plan to transition ships from diesel fuel to ammonia ...
Friday, 02 August 24
ENERGY MARKET DEVELOPMENTS: COAL AND NATURAL GAS PRICES REACH RECORD HIGHS - WORLD BANK
The recent surge in natural gas and coal prices has been so swift that the main benchmarks were roughly three times higher in 2022Q2 compared to a ...
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- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Planning Commission, India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- PTC India Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
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