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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 02 March 23
DRY BULK MARKET: THE WAY CHINA GOES, SO GOES THE MARKET - BIMCO
We expect demand growth within the 1.5-2.5% range in 2023, driven by China’s economic recovery. Improvements in consumer sentiment should hel ...
Thursday, 02 March 23
INDIA, CHINA DEMAND BOOST LOW-RANK THERMAL COAL PRICES IN ASIA - RUSSELL, REUTERS
Signs of stronger import demand from India have arrested the decline in price of the thermal coal grades most commonly sought by the world’s ...
Thursday, 02 March 23
INDIA CHEERS THE RETURN OF ‘KING COAL’ AS INDUSTRY SEES BUOYANT FUTURE - REUTERS
India’s coal industry celebrated the return of its major conference after a three-year pandemic hiatus by presenting a bullish view of demand ...
Wednesday, 01 March 23
GEO CONNECT ASIA RETURNS IN MARCH TO ACCELERATE THE REGION’S GEOSPATIAL AND LOCATION INTELLIGENCE CAPABILITIES
Press Release: The third edition of GCA will be held in conjunction with Digital Construction Asia and the inaugural Drones Asia – an event d ...
Wednesday, 01 March 23
THE DECLINE IN THE COAL PRICE SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR HAS BEEN SIGNIFICANT - INTERMODAL
Last week, the front-month API2 future rose by 3.5%, but since the beginning of the year the future has fallen by 39% to $136.65/t, while the Newca ...
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- PTC India Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- White Energy Company Limited
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Australian Coal Association
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- The University of Queensland
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- MS Steel International - UAE
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
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