We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Saturday, 18 March 23
HEDGE TO OFFSET LNG VOLATILITY, TRADERS TOLD - BALTIC EXCHANGE
A shift in imports from Asia to Europe led to significant volatility in liquefied natural gas shipping last year, prompting industry experts to urg ...
Friday, 17 March 23
INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE UP AROUND 2.17% IN MARCH 2023
COALspot.com: Indonesian Coal Price Reference up around 2.17% in March 2023.
According to the new HBA regulation No. 41.K/MB.0 ...
Saturday, 11 March 23
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Uncertainty over the recovery of Chinese demand, demand destruction in Europe, as well as weather conditions will pivot the LNG market this summer. ...
Wednesday, 08 March 23
INDONESIAN COAL REFERENCE PRICE FORMULA HAS OFFICIALLY CHANGED
Indonesian Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources has officially changed the guideline for determining the benchmark price for the sale of coal c ...
Thursday, 02 March 23
INDIA'S SEABORNE CRUDE OIL IMPORTS IN 2022 INCREASED BY 11.5% YOY - BANCHERO COSTA
2022 has turned out to be a very positive year for crude oil trade, despite the surging oil prices and risks of economic recession, Banchero Costa ...
|
|
|
Showing 126 to 130 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- PTC India Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Australian Coal Association
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- The University of Queensland
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
|
| |
| |
|
