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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 22 March 23
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The crude tanker market continues to gather momentum as we head towards the end of 1Q2023, against a backdrop of strong U.S. exports paired with a ...
Wednesday, 22 March 23
WILL LOWER GAS PRICES SPARK SWITCHING IN EUROPE AND ASIA?
Record high prices devastated demand for gas and LNG across Asia and Europe last year. But with prices falling, companies are starting to re-evalua ...
Monday, 20 March 23
NTPC MULLS 5.4 MILLION TONNES COAL IMPORT IN FIRST HALF OF 2023-24: PTI
State-run power giant NTPC is planning to import around 5.4 million tonnes of coal to meet the supply shortage during the first half 2023-24 fiscal ...
Monday, 20 March 23
S. AFRICA’S EXXARO RESOURCES SAYS COAL PRICES COOLING OFF - REUTERS
South Africa’s Exxaro Resources on Thursday posted a 28% jump in 2022 profit after seeing average coal prices surge more than 150%, but warne ...
Saturday, 18 March 23
RUSSIAN LNG EXPORTS TO EUROPE REMAIN HIGH - VESSELS VALUE
Russian LNG exports to Europe remained at very high levels in February at 3.6 million CBM, following a 13 month high in January of 4.1 million CBM. ...
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- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
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- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
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- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
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- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
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- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
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- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
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- Independent Power Producers Association of India
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- India Bulls Power Limited - India
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- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
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- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
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- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
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- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
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- Australian Coal Association
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- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
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- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
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- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
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- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
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- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- The University of Queensland
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
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