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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 26 September 19
INDIA INCREASES ITS ANNUAL COAL PRODUCTION BY 2.7% PER YEAR FROM 850 MILLION SHORT TONS IN 2018 TO 2 BILLION SHORT TONS BY 2050 - EIA
Worldwide coal production holds steady at about 8 billion short tons, or 160 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu), per year through 2040. Inc ...
Wednesday, 25 September 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
In the past five months there has been significant activity in the asset market with the dry bulk segment being by far the most volatile in terms o ...
Tuesday, 24 September 19
9TH ANNUAL SUPPLY CHAIN INNOVATION SUMMIT 2019 ASIA PACIFIC
Summit: 9th Annual Supply Chain Innovation Summit 2019 Asia Pacific
Host: Ace Events
Website: http: ...
Monday, 23 September 19
SUPRAMAX: THE ASIAN ARENA IT WAS A SLOW START, BUT DEMAND INCREASED AS THE WEEK WENT ON - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The market trended down over this past week, breaking the market out of its upward trending range. While the market traded sideways at ...
Monday, 23 September 19
CHINA RECORDS SLOWER GROWTH IN COAL PRODUCTION - XINHUA
The growth of China’s raw coal production slowed down in August, data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) showed.
Aro ...
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- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- PTC India Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- White Energy Company Limited
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
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