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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 16 September 19
COLOMBIAN COAL PRODUCTION TO FALL 5% THIS YEAR, MINING GROUP SAYS - REUTERS
Colombia’s coal production will decline to around 80 million tonnes in 2019, nearly 5% below last year’s, because of low prices and dro ...
Monday, 16 September 19
THE COAL-D SHOULDER? - BALTIC EXCHANGE
Good fortune and the number 13 don’t usually go hand in hand, but when it comes to coal, 2013 actually seems to have been the commodity&rsquo ...
Monday, 16 September 19
SCRUBBERS AND FUEL PROFIT SHARE CLAUSES - CLYDE&CO
From 1 January 2020, Regulation 14 of MARPOL Annex VI provides that the sulphur content in fuel oil used on board ships shall be reduced from a max ...
Monday, 16 September 19
KOREA SOUTH-EAST POWER INVITES BIDS FOR MAX 1,290,000 METRIC TONS OF STEAMING COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea East-West Power Co. Ltd has issued an international tender for total 1,290,000 Metric Tons steam coal.
...
Sunday, 15 September 19
SUPRAMAX / ULTRAMAX: MORE STEMS WERE NOTICED GOING TO VIETNAM FROM INDONESIA - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
Overall it was a negative week for the Capesize market, with many routes losing ground. A limited amount of time charter appeare ...
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- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- The University of Queensland
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Planning Commission, India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Australian Coal Association
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
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