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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 10 October 19
THERMAL COAL IMPORT LIKELY TO CROSS 200 MT IN 2019-20 - TIME OF INDIA
The country's overall thermal coal import is likely to cross the 200-million tonnes (MT) mark in the current financial year, according to Icra. ...
Wednesday, 09 October 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As we have already stated in previous insights, we had expected that the recovery on rates and activity across all segments in the offshore market ...
Thursday, 03 October 19
OIL PRICE ASSUMPTIONS UNCHANGED, NBP GAS PRICE LOWERED - FITCH RATINGS PRIMARY - FITCH RATINGS
Our oil price assumptions are unchanged, despite the recent price volatility following the attacks on Saudi Arabia's oil infrastructure, Fitch ...
Thursday, 03 October 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT
Edible oil products across the board are showing healthy amount of export activity, however, rates in most cases are struggling to move accordingly ...
Friday, 27 September 19
LOWDOWN ON INCOTERMS 2020 OVERHAUL - BALTIC EXCHANGE
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
This ninth revision of Incoterms is changed in style and substance. The revisions improve certain aspects of Incoterms 20 ...
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- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- White Energy Company Limited
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
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