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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 20 September 19
INDIA TO INVITE BIDS FOR COMMERCIAL COAL MINING IN DECEMBER - MINISTER FOR COAL
India aims to begin the process of holding the first round of commercial coal mining auctions December end, Minister for Coal, Mines and Parliament ...
Friday, 20 September 19
INDIA: ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN IMPACTS COAL IMPORT CARGO IN H1 FY20 - PTI
Economic slowdown has impacted coal import cargo in the first half of this fiscal, as overall cargo growth at major ports registered a marginal gro ...
Wednesday, 18 September 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
During the first week of September, I had the privilege of attending the Donsö Shipping Meet 2019, in Donsö, a small island of around 1,& ...
Tuesday, 17 September 19
PANAMA SHIP REGISTRY MODERNIZES SHIP REGISTRATION
The Panama Ship Registry has announced it will integrate in a single platform “Electronic Ship Registration System (ESRS)” the present ...
Tuesday, 17 September 19
THE DRY BULK FREIGHT MARKET IS ALREADY ON A DOWNWARD CORRECTION - ALLIED
Here we are again, just a breath before the final quarter of the year. Under typical circumstances and on the basis of what we have seen during the ...
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- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- The University of Queensland
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- White Energy Company Limited
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Australian Coal Association
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
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