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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 14 October 19
WINTER OIL MARKET OUTLOOK - OPEC
Product markets in the last two months have benefitted from seasonal maintenance which have led to a tighter product market environment, providing ...
Sunday, 13 October 19
INDONESIA: PANAMAX VESSELS OPEN SOUTH CHINA WERE REPORTEDLY FIXED AT $14,000 LEVEL, WITH REDELIVERY BACK IN CHINA - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The Capesize market managed to find a floor and rally a little this week after several weeks of declines. While the West Australia to ...
Friday, 11 October 19
INDIAN MINERS REJECT PLAN TO LINK NATIONAL COAL INDEX TO FOREIGN PRICES - REUTERS
India’s miners are rejecting a government proposal to establish a national coal index that would be linked to international prices, documents ...
Friday, 11 October 19
THE OCTOBER BENCHMARK PRICE OF INDONESIAN THERMAL COAL DECLINES TO LOWEST SINCE OCTOBER 2016
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia has revised down the benchmark price of Indonesian thermal ...
Friday, 11 October 19
KOREA SOUTH-EAST POWER TO IMPORT LCV COAL IN NOVEMBER
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd. (KOEN) has issued an international tender for 75,000 Metric Tons low calorific v ...
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- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Australian Coal Association
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
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