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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 17 October 19
INDIA READIES POLICY TO ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN COAL MINING - REUTERS
India expects to have formulated a policy within the next two weeks to attract foreign investment to its coal mining industry, the country’s ...
Wednesday, 16 October 19
INDIA CALLS FOR A RESET OF CLIMATE DEBATE ON COAL AS A FUEL - LIVEMINT
India on Tuesday called for a reset on climate debate on coal as a fuel, in the backdrop of India becoming one of the top renewable energy producer ...
Wednesday, 16 October 19
LESSONS LEARNT FROM CREW INJURED IN HEAVY WEATHER - UK P&I CLUB COMMENTS
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Stuart Edmonston, Loss Prevention at UK P&I Club, discusses an incident in which crew were injured whilst on deck in ...
Wednesday, 16 October 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
In perhaps the most interesting market conditions of the past years, the tanker and the dry bulk industry have created a positive sentiment with re ...
Tuesday, 15 October 19
INDIA READIES POLICY TO ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN COAL MINING - REUTERS
India expects to have formulated a policy within the next two weeks to attract foreign investment to its coal mining industry, the country's Co ...
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- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
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