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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 21 October 19
COAL TO PLAY SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN SOUTH AFRICA POWER MIX - MINISTER, REUTERS REPORTED
South Africa’s plans for additional power generation over the next decade will involve a variety of energy sources, with coal still playing a ...
Monday, 21 October 19
ULTRAMAX: IN ASIA, TRIPS FROM THE SINGAPORE AREA WERE PAYING BETWEEN $14,000 AND $16,000, DEPENDING ON THE VESSEL SIZE AND DURATION - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The market traded in a relatively stable supported manner in the Pacific this week while the Atlantic experienced weakening turbulence ...
Friday, 18 October 19
WHY CRUDE TANKER RATES JUST FELL (HALFWAY) BACK TO EARTH - FREIGHT WAVES
Panic drove crude-tanker rates up, very briefly, to mind-bogglingly high assessed levels of around $300,000 per day. Now, the fear factor has been ...
Friday, 18 October 19
SHORT TERM STRENGTH FOR OZ COMMODITIES - BALTIC BRIEFING
Volatility in the global commodity markets is not expected to unduly rattle Australia’s commodity outlook through 2020, but the 2021 picture ...
Friday, 18 October 19
SINGAPORE'S APEX TO LAUNCH LOW-SULFUR FUEL OIL CONTRACT AHEAD OF NEW SHIPPING RULES - REUTERS
Singapore-based Asia Pacific Exchange (APEX) will launch a low-sulfur fuel oil (LSFO) futures contract on Friday aimed at helping shipping and ener ...
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Showing 1306 to 1310 news of total 6871 |
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- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Australian Coal Association
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- White Energy Company Limited
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Planning Commission, India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
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