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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 24 October 19
PANAMAX: NEGATIVE SENTIMENT IN THE MARKET AS IT CONTINUES TO WEAKEN - FEARNLEYS
Capesize
The market has continued to slide the last week, as lack of fresh requirements and a slight oversupply of tonnage heading towards Sout ...
Wednesday, 23 October 19
CHINA'S 2019 COAL IMPORTS SET TO RISE MORE THAN 10%: ANALYSTS - REUTERS
China, the world’s top coal buyer, is on track to boost imports of the fuel by more than 10% this year, traders and analysts said on Tuesday, ...
Wednesday, 23 October 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Moving closer to the end of the year, we are facing what the market was expecting for quite a while, the ship repair sector booming with the shipya ...
Tuesday, 22 October 19
DRY BULK: DESPITE THE DOWNWARD CORRECTION NOTED OVER THE PAST MONTH, RATES ARE STILL HOLDING OFF AT FAVORABLE LEVELS - ALLIED SHIPPING
Despite the downward correction that has been noted in the dry bulk market over the past month, rates are still holding off at favorable levels. Ev ...
Monday, 21 October 19
SHIPPERS CHANGE COURSE AS FUEL RULES TARGET SULPHUR EMISSIONS - WOOD MACKENZIE
The International Maritime Organization (IMO), the industry’s regulator, will require all ships to reduce the level of sulphur in their engin ...
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- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- VISA Power Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Planning Commission, India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
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