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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 04 November 19
PANAMAX: WEAKER SENTIMENTS CONTINUED FROM LAST WEEK, WITH RATES FURTHER SOFTENING IN BOTH BASINS - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The Capesize market meandered slightly upwards this week before giving back much of its gains mid-week. Opening the week at $24,945, t ...
Thursday, 31 October 19
U.S. COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS SCHEDULED TO SHUT - REUTERS
U.S. power companies expect to retire or convert from coal to gas over 13,800 megawatts (MW) of coal-fired plants in 2019 after shutting over 13,30 ...
Thursday, 31 October 19
SE ASIA MAY BECOME NET FOSSIL FUEL IMPORTER IN COMING YEARS - IEA
Southeast Asia is set to become a key driver of world energy trends over the next 20 years as its energy demand grows at twice the global average, ...
Monday, 28 October 19
ULTRAMAX: ASIA RATES REMAINED UNDER PRESSURE WITH THE NORTH LACKING FRESH ENQUIRY - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The end of the week brought about a small increase in sentiment heading into a long weekend for some regions. After sustaining a drop ...
Thursday, 24 October 19
AUSTRALIA'S HOPES TO EXPAND COAL EXPORTS IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA 'DELUSIONAL', EXPERTS SAY - THE GUARDIAN
The number of new coal-fired power plants starting construction across south-east Asia has fallen markedly over the past two years as Australia has ...
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Showing 1296 to 1300 news of total 6871 |
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- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- The University of Queensland
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- PTC India Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
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