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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 13 November 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The improvements seen in the dry bulk market during the unexpectedly strong Q3 brought enthusiasm and optimism for a last quarter rally. Indeed as ...
Tuesday, 12 November 19
COAL IMPORTS AT MAJOR PORTS SLIP 18 PC TO 51 MT IN APRIL-OCTOBER - ECONOMIC TIMES
The Indian Ports Association (IPA), which maintains cargo data handled by these 12 ports, in its recent report, said "percentage variation fro ...
Monday, 11 November 19
EMINENT MARITIME ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS WERE HONORED
SHIPTEK 2019 Anchors in Greece for its 12th edition.
Eminent Maritime Organizations and Individuals were honored
Greec ...
Wednesday, 06 November 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
With less than two months before the end of the year, the shipping and refining industries have already taken measures and invested to accommodate ...
Monday, 04 November 19
COAL INDIA'S OCTOBER PRODUCTION MAY FALL 20% - PTI
Coal India’s production in October is likely to be 19-20 per cent lower at about 40 million tonne, as compared to 49.77 million tonne produce ...
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- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- The University of Queensland
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Planning Commission, India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Australian Coal Association
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- PTC India Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
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