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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 16 November 19
LIFE AFTER FOSSIL FUELS: THE DAYS OF OIL AND COAL TRANSPORTATION ARE NUMBERED - BALTIC EXCHANGE
With the world fiercely focused on a decarbonised future, fossil fuel movers and traders might rightly be reconsidering their future. But cast a wi ...
Saturday, 16 November 19
OIL MARKET REPORT: PAUSING TO REFLECT - IEA
Global oil demand in 3Q19 increased by 1.1 mb/d year-on-year (y-o-y), more than double the 435 kb/d seen in 2Q19. China’s demand increased by ...
Friday, 15 November 19
RISING ENERGY DEMAND IN SOUTHEAST ASIA TO BE MET AND SUPPORTED BY COAL - WORLD COAL
Last week the International Energy Agency (IEA) released its semi-annual Southeast Asia Energy Outlook report which outlines the latest insights in ...
Thursday, 14 November 19
EIA EXPECTS U.S. STEAM COAL EXPORTS TO FACE INCREASING COMPETITION FROM EASTERN EUROPEAN SOURCES
EIA expects total U.S. coal production in 2019 to total 698 million short tons (MMst), an 8% decrease from the 2018 level of 756 MMst. The decline ...
Wednesday, 13 November 19
INDONESIAN NOVEMBER COAL PRICE REFERENCE LOGS FIRST GAIN SINCE AUGUST
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia has revised up the benchmark price of Indonesian thermal co ...
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- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
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