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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 25 March 23
COAL INDIA HAS STRONG CASE TO INCREASE PRICES, TALKS ON: CMD AGRAWAL - BUSINESS STANDARD
Coal India (CIL) Chairman and Managing Director Pramod Agrawal said on Monday there is a “strong case” for increasing coal prices, and ...
Saturday, 25 March 23
ASIAN CRUDE PALM OIL WATCH 1Q23 - FITCH RATINGS
Malaysian benchmark crude palm oil (CPO) spot prices have averaged around USD915 per tonne (t) so far in 1Q23, sharply lower than the average of ar ...
Saturday, 25 March 23
INDONESIA’S COAL EXPORT INCREASED BY 21.0% YOY TO 388.4 MLN T IN 2022 - BANCHERO COSTA
After a slow start in the first quarter, global coal trade has really picked up pace last year, and is now fully back to pre-Covid levels. In the f ...
Saturday, 25 March 23
GLOBAL LNG-ASIA SPOT PRICES SLIP AS WEAK NORTHERN DEMAND REMAINS - REUTERS
Asian spot prices of liquefied natural gas (LNG) declined this week, falling to a 21-month low, as weak demand in the northeast Asia region continu ...
Wednesday, 22 March 23
OIL PRICE FALL SPECULATIVE, TO HIT $140 BY YEAR-END -ANDURAND: REUTERS
The recent fall in oil prices due to banking jitters is speculative and oil will hit $140 a barrel by the end of the year, hedge fund manager Pierr ...
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- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Planning Commission, India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Australian Coal Association
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
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