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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 20 November 19
AUSTRALIA'S NEW HOPE POSTS 66% SURGE IN Q1 SALEABLE COAL OUTPUT - REUTERS
Australian coal producer New Hope Corp Ltd reported on Tuesday a 66% jump in saleable coal production in the first quarter, as output ramped up at ...
Wednesday, 20 November 19
THE IMO AND THE PRICE OF GAS OR THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANISATION'S SULPHUR 2020 LIMIT FOR MARINE FUEL OIL ON THE PRICE OF GAS - KING & SPALDING
The main bunker fuel for ships is High Sulphur Fuel Oil (HSFO, with sulphur up to 3.5% m/m (mass by mass)). This will all change on 1 January 2020 ...
Wednesday, 20 November 19
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
While the market expects the next OPEC meeting, there are still no clear signs indicating that the organization will keep supporting oil prices, wh ...
Monday, 18 November 19
CHINA RECORDS STABLE COAL PRODUCTION IN JAN-OCT: XINHUA
China’s raw coal output registered stable growth in the first 10 months, while its imports remained robust, official data showed.
...
Monday, 18 November 19
SUPRAMAX: IN THE INDONESIAN COAL BUSINESS, A 58KDWT VESSEL FIXED DELIVERY PHILIPPINES, REDELIVERY INDIA AT CLOSE TO $8,000 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
For most of the week the rates were nudging up under a flurry of activity in the Pacific as levels for the West Australia to China C5 ...
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- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Parliament of New Zealand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- The University of Queensland
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
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