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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 22 November 19
UNCERTAINTY IN THERMAL COAL MARKET PERSISTED IN 3Q19 - ADARO
Uncertainty in thermal coal market persisted in 3Q19, mainly due to the actions, or inactions, of China in setting policies for global coal market. ...
Friday, 22 November 19
CIL TO DEVELOP 55 NEW COAL MINES IN NEXT 5 YEARS: COAL MINISTER
State-owned CIL will develop 55 new coal mines and expand 193 existing ones in the next five years, Parliament was informed. The company is also un ...
Thursday, 21 November 19
4TH DEEP OFFSHORE WEST AFRICA CONGRESS 2020
4th Deep Offshore West Africa Congress 2020
17 Janaury 2020
Accra, Ghana
Press Release: Following the great succ ...
Thursday, 21 November 19
INDONESIA PLANS TO KEEP $70/T COAL PRICE CAP FOR PLN, DMO - REUTERS
Indonesia’s energy minister Arifin Tasrif said his ministry plans to maintain a price cap on coal being sold to state electricity utility, PT ...
Wednesday, 20 November 19
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN COMMERCIAL COAL MINING IN INDIA? - DIPESH DIPU
In August 2019, Government of India announced its approval for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for coal mining, processing and sale. Not that FDI i ...
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- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Australian Coal Association
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
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