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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 25 November 19
COAL SUPPLY BY CIL TO POWER SECTOR DROPS OVER 8 PC TO 253 MT IN APRIL-OCTOBER - PTI
Supply of coal by state-owned CIL to the power sector registered a decline of 8.5 per cent to 253 million tonnes in the April-October period of thi ...
Monday, 25 November 19
A 53,000DWT SHIP FIXED AT $9,500 DELIVERY SINGAPORE TRIP, VIA INDONESIA, REDELIVERY VIETNAM - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
After a week of value being eroded on the Capesize market, Friday brought improved sentiment across most of the routes. The 5TC averag ...
Monday, 25 November 19
KOWEPO INVITED 6.79 MILLION TONS OF (SUB)BITUMINOUS STEAM COAL BIDS
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea Western Power Co., Ltd. (KOWEPO) has issued an international tender for 6,798,000 tons of coal for 5 years ...
Friday, 22 November 19
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE REMAINS FLAT - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price remained flat during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Friday, 22 November 19
FORTY PERCENT OF ADARO'S COAL SALES VOLUME IN 9M19 GOES TO THE SOUTHEAST ASIA REGION
PT Adaro Energy Tbk released its consolidated financial statements yesterday, for the nine month period, ending September 30, 2019.
...
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- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- The University of Queensland
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
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